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<title>Puinave language</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Puinave language</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Puinavé</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;"><span title="Puinave-language text"><i lang="pui">Wãnsöhöt</i></span>, <span title="Puinave-language text"><i lang="pui">Wã́nsöjöt</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈwãnsɤhɤt],<span class="wrap"> </span>[ˈw̃ã́nsɤhɤt]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">7,000 (ca. 2007)<sup id="cite_ref-e18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">3,000 (2001–2008)<sup id="cite_ref-e18_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">Language isolate</a></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">

<ul><li>Puinave</li>

</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/pui" class="extiw external" title="iso639-3:pui">pui</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/puin1248">puin1248</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2767">Puinave</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"></td></tr><tr></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">

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<p><b>Puinave</b>, <b>Waipunavi</b> (Guaipunabi) or <b>Wanse</b> (<span title="Puinave-language text"><i lang="pui">Wã́nsöjöt</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈw̃ã́nsɤhɤt]</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-Amazonian_isolates_2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amazonian_isolates_2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Puinave: <i lang="pui">Wãnsöhöt</i>) is an indigenous language of <a href="Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> and <a href="Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>. It is generally considered to be a <a href="Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">language isolate</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div>

<p>There are about 6,800 people in 32 communities along the banks of the <a href="In%C3%ADrida_River" title="Inírida River">Inírida River</a> in <a href="Guain%C3%ADa_Department" title="Guainía Department">Guainía Department</a>, Colombia. Additionally, there are 470 people in 10 communities along the <a href="Orinoco_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Orinoco River">Orinoco River</a>, in the Colombia–Venezuela border region.<sup id="cite_ref-Amazonian_isolates_2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amazonian_isolates_2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1143">: 1143 </span></sup>

</p><p>Other names for the language include <i>Camaku del Guaviare</i> or <i>Camaku del Inírida</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Amazonian_isolates_2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amazonian_isolates_2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1143">: 1143 </span></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2></div>

<p>Varieties listed by <a href="John_Alden_Mason" title="John Alden Mason">Mason</a> (1950):<sup id="cite_ref-Mason-1950_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-1950-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><b>Puinave</b>

<ul><li>Puinave (Epined)

<ul><li>Western: Bravos, Guaripa</li>

<li>Eastern: Mansos</li></ul></li>

<li>Macú

<li>Tikié</li>

<li>Kerarí</li>

<li>Papurí</li>

<li>Nadöbo</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

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<p>Alternate names of Puinave are <i>Puinabe, Puinavis, Uaipunabis, Guaipunavos, Uaipis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason-1950_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason-1950-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2></div>

<p>Puinave is sometimes linked to other poorly attested languages of the region in various <a href="Macro-Puinavean" class="mw-redirect" title="Macro-Puinavean">Macro-Puinavean</a> proposals, but no good evidence has ever been produced. The original motivation seems to simply be that all of these languages were called <i>Maku</i> ('babble') by <a href="Arawakans" class="mw-redirect" title="Arawakans">Arawakans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ongoing work on Puinave by Girón Higuita at the University of Amsterdam will hopefully clarify the situation.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3></div>

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<th><a href="Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a>

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<th><a href="Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Coronal</a>

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<th><a href="Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Dorsal</a>

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<th><a href="Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a>

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<th rowspan="2"><a href="Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a>

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<th><a href="Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a>

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<th colspan="2"><a href="Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a>

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<th colspan="2"><a href="Glide_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Glide consonant">Glide</a>

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<td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>)

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<td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span>)

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3></div>

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<th><a href="Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a>

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<th><a href="Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back<br> unround.</a>

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<th><a href="Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back<br> round.</a>

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<th><a href="Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a>

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<p>Syllable structure is (C)V(C); nasal syllabic nuclei cause allophonic variation of consonantal segments in the same syllable. The phonemes <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/m<span class="wrap"> </span>n/</span> have oral, non-sonorant allophones <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[b<span class="wrap"> </span>d]</span> in the onsets of syllables with oral nuclei.

</p><p>The high vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>]</span>, when occurring in onset or coda position, is realized as a glide <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>]</span>. When the high vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span> is in coda position, it is also realized as a glide <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>]</span>, but in onset position, it is realized as a palatal stop matching in nasality with the nucleus, either <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a>]</span>, in the same way that <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/m<span class="wrap"> </span>n/</span> match the following vowel's nasality. Any glides <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>]</span> occurring before or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j<span class="wrap"> </span>w]</span> occurring after a nasalized nucleus are also realized as nasal <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="Nasalization" title="Nasalization">j̃ w̃</a>]</span>.

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<p>Puinave distinguishes four surface (phonetic) tones: two simple (H and L) and two contour (HL and LH); these are analyzed as being composed of two phonemic tone values, H and L. Girón Higuita and Wetzels (2007) note that speakers seem to associate H with prominence, rather than increased duration or intensity (the typical correlates of prominence in languages like English).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphology_and_syntax">Morphology and syntax</h2></div>

<p>Jesús Mario Girón's description of the morphology and the function of nominalized constructions in this language can be found in <i>The Linguistics of Endangered Languages</i> (edited by <a href="Leo_Wetzels" title="Leo Wetzels">Leo Wetzels</a>).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

<ul><li>Bautista Sánchez, E. (2008). <i>Diccionario puinave-español y la oración gramatical</i>. CIRCUI, Centro de Investigaciones de rescate cultural Puinave Autóctonas.</li>

<li>Girón, J. M. (2008). <i>Una gramática del Wã́nsöjöt (Puinave)</i>. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit. (Doctoral dissertation).</li>

<li>Girón Higuita, J.M. and W. Leo Wetzels (2007). Tone in Wãnsöhöt (Puinave). <i>Language Endangerment and Endangered Languages: Linguistic and Anthropological Studies with Special Emphasis on the Languages and Cultures of the Andean-Amazonian Border Area,</i> W. Leo Wetzels ed., CNWS Publications.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-e18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e18_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e18_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/pui/">Puinavé</a> at <i><a href="Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span>

</li>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFEppsMichael2023" class="citation book cs1">Epps, Patience; Michael, Lev, eds. (2023). <i>Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates</i>. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-11-043273-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Mason-1950-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mason-1950_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason-1950_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMason1950" class="citation book cs1"><a href="John_Alden_Mason" title="John Alden Mason">Mason, John Alden</a> (1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.). <i>Handbook of South American Indians</i>. Vol. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: <a href="Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>, <a href="Bureau_of_American_Ethnology" title="Bureau of American Ethnology">Bureau of American Ethnology</a> Bulletin 143. pp. <span class="nowrap">157–</span>317.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patience Epps, 2008. <i>A Grammar of Hup</i>. Mouton de Gruyter.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFGirón_Higuita2008" class="citation thesis cs1">Girón Higuita, J. M. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/the-grammar-of-the-puinave-language"><i>The Grammar of the Puinave Language</i></a> (Ph.D. thesis). Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1871%2F12763">1871/12763</a></span>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> has a word list at <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Puinave_word_list" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:Appendix:Puinave word list">Appendix:Puinave word list</a></b></i></div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100819194552/http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/ids/">Puinave dictionary online</a> (select simple or advanced browsing)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ids.clld.org/contributions/249">Puinave</a> (<a href="Intercontinental_Dictionary_Series" title="Intercontinental Dictionary Series">Intercontinental Dictionary Series</a>)</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Languages_of_Venezuela107" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Languages_of_Venezuela" title="Languages of Venezuela">Languages of Venezuela</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Venezuelan_Spanish" title="Venezuelan Spanish">Spanish</a>

<ul><li><a href="Llanero_Spanish" title="Llanero Spanish">Llanero</a></li>

<li><a href="Maracucho_Spanish" title="Maracucho Spanish">Maracucho</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous<br>languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Arawakan_languages" title="Arawakan languages">Arawakan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arawak_language" title="Arawak language">Arawak</a></li>

<li><a href="Baniwa_of_I%C3%A7ana" class="mw-redirect" title="Baniwa of Içana">Baniwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Caquet%C3%ADo_language" title="Caquetío language">Caquetío</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Mandawaca_language" title="Mandawaca language">Mandawaca</a></li>

<li><a href="Paraujano_language" title="Paraujano language">Paraujano</a></li>

<li><a href="Piapoco_language" title="Piapoco language">Piapoco</a></li>

<li><a href="Warekena_language" title="Warekena language">Warekena</a></li>

<li><a href="Wayuu_language" title="Wayuu language">Wayuu</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Arutani-Sape_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Arutani-Sape languages">Arutani-Sape</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arutani_language" title="Arutani language">Arutani</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cariban_languages" title="Cariban languages">Cariban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Carib_language" title="Carib language">Carib</a></li>

<li><a href="Japreria_language" title="Japreria language">Japreria</a></li>

<li><a href="Kap%C3%B3ng_language" title="Kapóng language">Kapóng</a></li>

<li><a href="Macushi_language" title="Macushi language">Macushi</a></li>

<li><a href="Mapoyo-Yabarana_language" title="Mapoyo-Yabarana language">Mapoyo-Yabarana</a></li>

<li><a href="Panare_language" title="Panare language">Panare</a></li>

<li><a href="Pemon_language" title="Pemon language">Pemon</a></li>

<li><a href="Sikiana_language" title="Sikiana language">Sikiana</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamanaku_language" title="Tamanaku language">Tamanaku</a></li>

<li><a href="Ye'kuana_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ye'kuana language">Ye'kuana</a></li>

<li><a href="Yukpa_language" title="Yukpa language">Yukpa</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chibchan_languages" title="Chibchan languages">Chibchan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Guahiban_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Guahiban languages">Guahiban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cuiba_language" title="Cuiba language">Cuiba</a></li>

<li><a href="Guahibo_language" title="Guahibo language">Guahibo</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Jirajaran_languages" title="Jirajaran languages">Jirajaran</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ayoman_language" title="Ayoman language">Ayoman</a></li>

<li><a href="Gayon_language" title="Gayon language">Gayon</a></li>

<li><a href="Jirajara_language" title="Jirajara language">Jirajara</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Timotean_languages" title="Timotean languages">Timotean</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mucuch%C3%AD_language" title="Mucuchí language">Mucuchí</a></li>

<li><a href="Timote_language" title="Timote language">Timote</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Yanomaman_languages" title="Yanomaman languages">Yanomaman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ninam_language" title="Ninam language">Ninam</a></li>

<li><a href="Sanum%C3%A1_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanumá language">Sanumá</a></li>

<li><a href="Yanomam%C3%B6_language" title="Yanomamö language">Yanomamö</a></li>

<li><a href="Yaroam%C3%AB_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaroamë language">Yaroamë</a></li>

<li><a href="Waik%C3%A1_language" title="Waiká language">Yanomám</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Piaroa-Saliban_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Piaroa-Saliban languages">Piaroa-Saliban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Piaroa_language" title="Piaroa language">Piaroa</a></li>

<li><a href="Saliba_language" title="Saliba language">Saliba</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ticuna-Yuri_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticuna-Yuri languages">Ticuna-Yuri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Carabayo_language" title="Carabayo language">Carabayo</a></li>

<li><a href="Ticuna_language" title="Ticuna language">Ticuna</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Betoi_language" title="Betoi language">Betoi</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Guamo_language" title="Guamo language">Guamo</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Maku_language_of_Auari" title="Maku language of Auari">Jukude</a> (Maku-Auari) <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Nheengatu_language" title="Nheengatu language">Nheengatu</a></li>

<li><a href="Otom%C3%A1koan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Otomákoan language">Otomákoan</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Warao_language" title="Warao language">Warao</a></li>

<li><a href="Yaruro_language" title="Yaruro language">Yaruro</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Native<br>languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="German_language" title="German language">German</a>

<ul><li><a href="Colonia_Tovar_dialect" title="Colonia Tovar dialect">Colonia Tovar</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Italian_language_in_Venezuela" title="Italian language in Venezuela">Italian</a></li>

<li><a href="Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li>

<li><a href="Venezuelan_English_Creole" title="Venezuelan English Creole">Inglish</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Venezuelan_Sign_Language" title="Venezuelan Sign Language">Venezuelan Sign Language</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indigenous_language_families_and_isolates_of_South_America787" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Indigenous_language_families_and_isolates_of_South_America787" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous language families and isolates</a> of <a href="Indigenous_languages_of_South_America" title="Indigenous languages of South America">South America</a> <br></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Based on <a href="Classification_of_indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas">Campbell 2024</a> classification</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language families <br>and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Arawakan_languages" title="Arawakan languages">Arawakan</a></b></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Je%E2%80%93Tupi%E2%80%93Carib_languages" title="Je–Tupi–Carib languages">Je–Tupi–Carib</a> ?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b><a href="Cariban_languages" title="Cariban languages">Cariban</a></b></li>

<li><b><a href="Tupian_languages" title="Tupian languages">Tupian</a></b></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Macro-Jê_sensu_stricto51" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Macro-J%C3%AA_languages" title="Macro-Jê languages">Macro-Jê <i>sensu stricto</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Yabutian_languages" title="Yabutian languages">Jabutian</a> *</li>

<li><a href="Kamak%C3%A3_languages" title="Kamakã languages">Kamakã</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Borum_languages" title="Borum languages">Krenakan</a> *</li>

<li><a href="Maxakal%C3%ADan_languages" title="Maxakalían languages">Maxakalian</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Jaik%C3%B3_language" title="Jaikó language">Jaikó</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Karaj%C3%A1_language" title="Karajá language">Karajá</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Ofay%C3%A9_language" title="Ofayé language">Ofayé</a></i> *</li>

<li><i><a href="Rikbaktsa_language" title="Rikbaktsa language">Rikbaktsá</a></i> *</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern <a href="Languages_of_Brazil" title="Languages of Brazil">Brazil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kariri_languages" title="Kariri languages">Karirian</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Chiquitano_language" title="Chiquitano language">Chiquitano</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Guat%C3%B3_language" title="Guató language">Guató</a></i> *</li>

<li><i><a href="Purian_languages" title="Purian languages">Purí–Coroado</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Taruma_language" title="Taruma language">Taruma</a></i> *</li>

<li><i><a href="Xukuruan_languages" title="Xukuruan languages">Xukurú</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linguistic_areas_of_the_Americas#Orinoco–Amazon" title="Linguistic areas of the Americas">Orinoco</a> (<a href="Languages_of_Venezuela" title="Languages of Venezuela">Venezuela</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Otom%C3%A1koan_languages" title="Otomákoan languages">Otomacoan</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="S%C3%A1liban_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sáliban languages">Sáliban</a></li>

<li><a href="Ticuna%E2%80%93Yuri_languages" title="Ticuna–Yuri languages">Ticuna–Yuri</a></li>

<li><a href="Yanomaman_languages" title="Yanomaman languages">Yanomaman</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Arutani_language" title="Arutani language">Arutani</a></i> *</li>

<li><i><a href="Betoi_language" title="Betoi language">Betoi</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Guamo_language" title="Guamo language">Guamo</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Warao_language" title="Warao language">Warao</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Yaruro_language" title="Yaruro language">Yaruro</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Andes (<a href="Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Colombia</a> and <a href="Languages_of_Venezuela" title="Languages of Venezuela">Venezuela</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jirajaran_languages" title="Jirajaran languages">Jirajaran</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Paezan_languages" title="Paezan languages">Paezan</a></li>

<li><a href="Timotean_languages" title="Timotean languages">Timotean</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Tiniguan_languages" title="Tiniguan languages">Tiniguan</a> *</li>

<li><i><a href="Andaqui_language" title="Andaqui language">Andaquí</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Cof%C3%A1n_language" title="Cofán language">Cofán</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Kam%C3%ABnt%C5%A1%C3%A1_language" title="Kamëntšá language">Camsá</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Amazonian_languages" title="Amazonian languages">Amazon</a> (<a href="Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="Japur%C3%A1_River" title="Japurá River">Japurá</a>–<a href="Vaup%C3%A9s_River" title="Vaupés River">Vaupés</a> area)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Andoque%E2%80%93Urequena_languages" title="Andoque–Urequena languages">Andoque–Urequena</a></li>

<li><a href="Boran_languages" title="Boran languages">Boran</a></li>

<li><a href="Guajiboan_languages" title="Guajiboan languages">Guajiboan</a></li>

<li><a href="Kakwa_language" title="Kakwa language">Kakwa</a>-<a href="Nukak_language" title="Nukak language">Nukak</a></li>

<li><a href="Nadahup_languages" title="Nadahup languages">Nadahup</a></li>

<li><b><a href="Tucanoan_languages" title="Tucanoan languages">Tucanoan</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Witotoan_languages" title="Witotoan languages">Witotoan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pacific coast (<a href="Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Colombia</a> and <a href="Languages_of_Ecuador" title="Languages of Ecuador">Ecuador</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Barbacoan_languages" title="Barbacoan languages">Barbacoan</a></li>

<li><b><a href="Chibchan_languages" title="Chibchan languages">Chibchan</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Choco_languages" title="Choco languages">Chocoan</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Esmeralda_language" title="Esmeralda language">Esmeralda</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Yurumangu%C3%AD_language" title="Yurumanguí language">Yurumanguí</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pacific coast (<a href="Languages_of_Peru" title="Languages of Peru">Peru</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ca%C3%B1ari%E2%80%93Puruh%C3%A1_languages" title="Cañari–Puruhá languages">Cañari–Puruhá</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Mochica_language" title="Mochica language">Mochica</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Sechura_language" title="Sechura language">Sechura</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Tall%C3%A1n_language" title="Tallán language">Tallán</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr>

<ul><li><a href="Catacaoan_languages" title="Catacaoan languages">Catacaoan</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Amazonian_languages" title="Amazonian languages">Amazon</a> (<a href="Languages_of_Peru" title="Languages of Peru">Peru</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cahuapanan_languages" title="Cahuapanan languages">Cahuapanan</a></li>

<li><a href="Chicham_languages" title="Chicham languages">Chicham</a></li>

<li><a href="Hibito%E2%80%93Cholon_languages" title="Hibito–Cholon languages">Hibito–Cholon</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><b><a href="Pano-Tacanan_languages" title="Pano-Tacanan languages">Pano–Tacanan</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Peba%E2%80%93Yaguan_languages" title="Peba–Yaguan languages">Peba–Yagua</a></li>

<li><a href="Zaparoan_languages" title="Zaparoan languages">Zaparoan</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Candoshi-Shapra_language" title="Candoshi-Shapra language">Candoshi</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Munichi_language" title="Munichi language">Munichi</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Omurano_language" title="Omurano language">Omurano</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Taushiro_language" title="Taushiro language">Taushiro</a></i> *</li>

<li><i><a href="Tequiraca_language" title="Tequiraca language">Tequiraca</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Urarina_language" title="Urarina language">Urarina</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Waorani_language" title="Waorani language">Waorani</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Amazonian_languages" title="Amazonian languages">Amazon</a> (west-central <a href="Languages_of_Brazil" title="Languages of Brazil">Brazil</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arawan_languages" title="Arawan languages">Arawan</a></li>

<li><a href="Har%C3%A1kmbut%E2%80%93Katukinan_languages" title="Harákmbut–Katukinan languages">Harákmbut–Katukinan</a></li>

<li><a href="Mura_language" title="Mura language">Muran</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Matanawi_language" title="Matanawi language">Matanawí</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Trumai_language" title="Trumai language">Trumai</a></i> *</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area" title="Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area">Mamoré–Guaporé</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bororoan_languages" title="Bororoan languages">Bororoan</a></li>

<li><b><a href="Chapacuran_languages" title="Chapacuran languages">Chapacuran</a></b></li>

<li><a href="Chimane_language" title="Chimane language">Mosetenan</a></li>

<li><a href="Nambikwaran_languages" title="Nambikwaran languages">Nambikwaran</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Aikan%C3%A3_language" title="Aikanã language">Aikanã</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Mato_Grosso_Ar%C3%A1ra_language" title="Mato Grosso Arára language">Arara do Rio Branco</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Canichana_language" title="Canichana language">Canichana</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Cayubaba_language" title="Cayubaba language">Cayubaba</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Itonama_language" title="Itonama language">Itonama</a></i> *</li>

<li><i><a href="Irantxe_language" title="Irantxe language">Irantxe</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Kano%C3%AA_language" title="Kanoê language">Kanoê</a></i> *</li>

<li><i><a href="Kwaza_language" title="Kwaza language">Kwazá</a></i> *</li>

<li><i><a href="Movima_language" title="Movima language">Movima</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Yuracar%C3%A9_language" title="Yuracaré language">Yuracaré</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Andes (<a href="Languages_of_Peru" title="Languages of Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="Languages_of_Bolivia" title="Languages of Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, and <a href="Languages_of_Chile" title="Languages of Chile">Chile</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Araucanian_languages" title="Araucanian languages">Araucanian</a></li>

<li><a href="Aymaran_languages" title="Aymaran languages">Aymaran</a></li>

<li><a href="Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechuan</a></li>

<li><a href="Uru%E2%80%93Chipaya_languages" title="Uru–Chipaya languages">Uru–Chipaya</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Culle_language" title="Culle language">Culle</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Kunza_language" title="Kunza language">Kunza</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Puquina_language" title="Puquina language">Puquina</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chaco_linguistic_area" title="Chaco linguistic area">Chaco</a>–Pampas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Charruan_languages" title="Charruan languages">Charruan</a> *</li>

<li><a href="Chonan_languages" title="Chonan languages">Chonan</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Guaicuruan_languages" title="Guaicuruan languages">Guaicuruan</a></li>

<li><a href="Huarpean_languages" title="Huarpean languages">Huarpean</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Lule%E2%80%93Vilela_languages" title="Lule–Vilela languages">Lule–Vilelan</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Matacoan_languages" title="Matacoan languages">Matacoan</a></li>

<li><a href="Mascoian_languages" title="Mascoian languages">Mascoyan</a></li>

<li><a href="Zamucoan_languages" title="Zamucoan languages">Zamucoan</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Guachi_language" title="Guachi language">Guachí</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Payagua_language" title="Payagua language">Payaguá</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Far South (<a href="Languages_of_Chile" title="Languages of Chile">Chile</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alacalufan_languages" title="Alacalufan languages">Qawasqaran</a> *</li>

<li><i><a href="Chono_language" title="Chono language">Chono</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Yahgan_language" title="Yahgan language">Yaghan</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Macro-Andean_languages" title="Macro-Andean languages">Macro-Andean</a></li>

<li><a href="Macro-Arawakan_languages" title="Macro-Arawakan languages">Macro-Arawakan</a></li>

<li><a href="Macro-Chibchan_languages" title="Macro-Chibchan languages">Macro-Chibchan</a></li>

<li><a href="Macro-Jibaro_languages" title="Macro-Jibaro languages">Macro-Jibaro</a></li>

<li><a href="Macro-Otom%C3%A1koan_languages" title="Macro-Otomákoan languages">Macro-Otomákoan</a></li>

<li><a href="Macro-Paesan_languages" title="Macro-Paesan languages">Macro-Paesan</a></li>

<li><a href="Macro-Panoan_languages" title="Macro-Panoan languages">Macro-Panoan</a></li>

<li><a href="Macro-Puinavean_languages" title="Macro-Puinavean languages">Macro-Puinavean</a></li>

<li><a href="Mura-Matanawi_languages" title="Mura-Matanawi languages">Mura–Matanawí</a></li>

<li><a href="Macro-Warpean_languages" title="Macro-Warpean languages">Macro-Warpean</a></li>

<li><a href="Arutani%E2%80%93Sape_languages" title="Arutani–Sape languages">Arutani–Sape</a></li>

<li><a href="Bora%E2%80%93Witoto_languages" title="Bora–Witoto languages">Bora–Witoto</a></li>

<li><a href="Esmeralda%E2%80%93Yaruroan_languages" title="Esmeralda–Yaruroan languages">Esmeralda–Yaruroan</a></li>

<li><a href="Je%E2%80%93Tupi%E2%80%93Carib_languages" title="Je–Tupi–Carib languages">Je–Tupi–Carib</a></li>

<li><a href="Katembri%E2%80%93Taruma_languages" title="Katembri–Taruma languages">Katembri–Taruma</a></li>

<li><a href="Mataco%E2%80%93Guaicuru_languages" title="Mataco–Guaicuru languages">Mataco–Guaicuru</a></li>

<li><a href="Maya%E2%80%93Yunga%E2%80%93Chipayan_languages" title="Maya–Yunga–Chipayan languages">Maya–Yunga–Chipayan</a></li>

<li><a href="Moseten%E2%80%93Chonan_languages" title="Moseten–Chonan languages">Moseten–Chonan</a></li>

<li><a href="Quechumaran_languages" title="Quechumaran languages">Quechumaran</a></li>

<li><a href="Saparo%E2%80%93Yawan_languages" title="Saparo–Yawan languages">Saparo–Yawan</a></li>

<li><a href="Chimuan_languages" title="Chimuan languages">Chimuan</a></li>

<li><a href="Tequiraca%E2%80%93Canichana_languages" title="Tequiraca–Canichana languages">Tequiraca–Canichana</a></li>

<li><a href="Wamo%E2%80%93Chapakura_languages" title="Wamo–Chapakura languages">Wamo–Chapakura</a></li>

<li><a href="Sechura%E2%80%93Catacao_languages" title="Sechura–Catacao languages">Sechura–Catacao</a></li>

<li><a href="Amerind_languages" title="Amerind languages">Amerind</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_unclassified_languages_of_South_America" title="List of unclassified languages of South America">Unclassified</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Aguano_language" title="Aguano language">Aguano</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Anserma_language" title="Anserma language">Anserma</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Baenan_language" title="Baenan language">Baenan</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Bagua_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagua language">Bagua</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Cabixi_language" title="Cabixi language">Cabixi</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Kaimb%C3%A9_language" title="Kaimbé language">Caimbé</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Catuquinaru_language" title="Catuquinaru language">Catuquinaru</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Chachapoya_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chachapoya language">Chachapoya</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Comeching%C3%B3n_language" title="Comechingón language">Comechingón</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Copallen" class="mw-redirect" title="Copallen">Copallen</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Cac%C3%A1n_language" title="Cacán language">Diaguita</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Gamela_language" title="Gamela language">Gamela</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Gorgotoqui_language" title="Gorgotoqui language">Gorgotoqui</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Himarim%C3%A3_language" title="Himarimã language">Himarimã</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Humahuaca_language" title="Humahuaca language">Humahuaca</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Man_of_the_Hole" title="Man of the Hole">Isolado do Tanarú</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Kambiw%C3%A1_language" title="Kambiwá language">Kambiwá</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Kapinaw%C3%A1_language" title="Kapinawá language">Kapinawá</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Katembri_language" title="Katembri language">Katembri</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Majena_language" title="Majena language">Majena</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Malibu_languages" title="Malibu languages">Malibu</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Pankarar%C3%BA_language" title="Pankararú language">Pankararú</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Palta_language" title="Palta language">Palta</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Panche_language" title="Panche language">Panche</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Parati%C3%B3_language" title="Paratió language">Paratió</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Patagon_language_(Peru)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patagon language (Peru)">Patagón</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Pijao_language" title="Pijao language">Pijao</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Querand%C3%AD_language" title="Querandí language">Querandí</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Quingnam_language" title="Quingnam language">Quingnam</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Ramanos_language" title="Ramanos language">Ramanos</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Sacata" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacata">Sacata</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Sanavir%C3%B3n_language" title="Sanavirón language">Sanavirón</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Tapaj%C3%B3_language" title="Tapajó language">Tapajó</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Tarairi%C3%BA_language" title="Tarairiú language">Tarairiú</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Truk%C3%A1_language" title="Truká language">Truká</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Trememb%C3%A9_language" title="Tremembé language">Tremembé</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Wakon%C3%A1_language" title="Wakoná language">Wakoná</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><i><a href="Huamo%C3%A9_language" title="Huamoé language">Wamoé</a></i> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linguistic_areas_of_the_Americas" title="Linguistic areas of the Americas">Linguistic areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chaco_linguistic_area" title="Chaco linguistic area">Chaco</a></li>

<li><a href="Mamor%C3%A9%E2%80%93Guapor%C3%A9_linguistic_area" title="Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area">Mamoré–Guaporé</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazonian_languages" title="Amazonian languages">Amazonian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Languages_of_Argentina" title="Languages of Argentina">Argentina</a></li>

<li><a href="Languages_of_Bolivia" title="Languages of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li>

<li><a href="Languages_of_Brazil" title="Languages of Brazil">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Colombia</a></li>

<li><a href="Indigenous_languages_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous languages of Chile">Chile</a></li>

<li><a href="Languages_of_Ecuador" title="Languages of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li>

<li><a href="Languages_of_Paraguay" title="Languages of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li>

<li><a href="Languages_of_Venezuela" title="Languages of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li>

<li><a href="Languages_of_Guyana" title="Languages of Guyana">Guyana</a></li>

<li><a href="Languages_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Suriname">Suriname</a></li>

<li><a href="Languages_of_French_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_indigenous_languages_of_South_America" title="List of indigenous languages of South America">Languages</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_extinct_languages_of_South_America" title="List of extinct languages of South America">Extinct languages</a>

<ul><li><a href="Extinct_languages_of_the_Mara%C3%B1%C3%B3n_River_basin" title="Extinct languages of the Marañón River basin">Marañón River basin</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_unclassified_languages_of_South_America" title="List of unclassified languages of South America">Unclassified languages</a></li>

<li><a href="Classification_of_indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas">Classification</a></li>

<li><a href="Linguistic_areas_of_the_Americas" title="Linguistic areas of the Americas">Linguistic areas</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr> indicates an <a href="Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">extinct language</a>, <i>italics</i> indicates independent status of a language, <b>bold</b> indicates that a language family has at least 6 members, * indicates moribund status</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Colombia95" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Languages_of_Colombia95" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Languages of Colombia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Colombian_Spanish" title="Colombian Spanish">Spanish</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Achawa_language" title="Achawa language">Achawa</a></li>

<li><a href="Cabiyari_language" title="Cabiyari language">Cabiyari</a></li>

<li><a href="Piapoco_language" title="Piapoco language">Piapoco</a></li>

<li><a href="Wayuu_language" title="Wayuu language">Wayuu</a></li>

<li><a href="Yucuna_language" title="Yucuna language">Yucuna</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Barbacoan_languages" title="Barbacoan languages">Barbacoan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Coconucan_language" title="Coconucan language">Kokonuco</a></li>

<li><a href="Guambiano_language" title="Guambiano language">Misak</a></li>

<li><a href="Muellama_language" title="Muellama language">Mwelyama</a></li>

<li><a href="Pasto_language" title="Pasto language">Pasto</a></li>

<li><a href="Totoro_language" title="Totoro language">Totoró</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bora%E2%80%93Witoto_languages" title="Bora–Witoto languages">Bora–Witoto</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Andoque_language" title="Andoque language">Andoque</a></li>

<li><a href="Minica_Huitoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Minica Huitoto">Minica Huitoto</a></li>

<li><a href="Muinane_language" title="Muinane language">Muinane</a></li>

<li><a href="Murui_Huitoto_language" title="Murui Huitoto language">Murui Huitoto</a></li>

<li><a href="Ocaina_language" title="Ocaina language">Ocaina</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Arhuaco_language" title="Arhuaco language">Arhuaco</a></li>

<li><a href="Chimila_language" title="Chimila language">Chimila</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Choco_languages" title="Choco languages">Chocoan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Baudo_language" title="Baudo language">Baudo</a></li>

<li><a href="Catio_language" title="Catio language">Catio</a></li>

<li><a href="Chami_language" title="Chami language">Chami</a></li>

<li><a href="Eperara_language" title="Eperara language">Eperara</a></li>

<li><a href="Northern_Ember%C3%A1_language" title="Northern Emberá language">Northern Emberá</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Guajiboan_languages" title="Guajiboan languages">Guajiboan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Guahibo_language" title="Guahibo language">Guahibo</a></li>

<li><a href="Guayabero_language" title="Guayabero language">Guayabero</a></li>

<li><a href="Macagu%C3%A1n_language" title="Macaguán language">Macaguán</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tucanoan_languages" title="Tucanoan languages">Tucanoan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Barasana-Eduria_language" title="Barasana-Eduria language">Barasana-Eduria</a></li>

<li><a href="Carapana_language" title="Carapana language">Carapana</a></li>

<li><a href="Cubeo_language" title="Cubeo language">Cubeo</a></li>

<li><a href="Cuiba_language" title="Cuiba language">Cuiba</a></li>

<li><a href="Desano_language" title="Desano language">Desano</a></li>

<li><a href="Koreguaje_language" title="Koreguaje language">Koreguaje</a></li>

<li><a href="Macaguaje_language" title="Macaguaje language">Macaguaje</a></li>

<li><a href="Macuna_language" title="Macuna language">Macuna</a></li>

<li><a href="Pisamira_language" title="Pisamira language">Pisamira</a></li>

<li><a href="Siona_language" title="Siona language">Siona</a></li>

<li><a href="Siriano_language" title="Siriano language">Siriano</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanimuca-Retuar%C3%A3_language" title="Tanimuca-Retuarã language">Tanimuca-Retuarã</a></li>

<li><a href="Tatuyo_language" title="Tatuyo language">Tatuyo</a></li>

<li><a href="Tuyuca_language" title="Tuyuca language">Tuyuca</a></li>

<li><a href="Waimaj%C3%A3_language" title="Waimajã language">Waimajã</a></li>

<li><a href="Wajiara_language" title="Wajiara language">Wajiara</a></li>

<li><a href="Wanano_language" title="Wanano language">Wanano</a></li>

<li><a href="Yauna_language" title="Yauna language">Yauna</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Carabayo_language" title="Carabayo language">Carabayo</a></li>

<li><a href="Carijona_language" title="Carijona language">Carijona</a></li>

<li><a href="Cocama_language" title="Cocama language">Cocama</a></li>

<li><a href="Cof%C3%A1n_language" title="Cofán language">Cofán</a></li>

<li><a href="Inga_Kichwa" title="Inga Kichwa">Inga Kichwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Kakwa_language" title="Kakwa language">Kakwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Kichwa_language" title="Kichwa language">Kichwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Nheengatu_language" title="Nheengatu language">Nheengatu</a></li>

<li><a href="Nukak_language" title="Nukak language">Nukak</a></li>

<li><a href="Saliba_language" title="Saliba language">Saliba</a></li>

<li><a href="Ticuna_language" title="Ticuna language">Ticuna</a></li>

<li><a href="Yukpa_language" title="Yukpa language">Yukpa</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Creoles/Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Llanero_Spanish" title="Llanero Spanish">Llanero</a></li>

<li><a href="Palenquero" title="Palenquero">Palenquero</a></li>

<li><a href="San_Andr%C3%A9s%E2%80%93Providencia_Creole" title="San Andrés–Providencia Creole">San Andrés–Providencia</a></li>

<li><a href="Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Colombian_Sign_Language" title="Colombian Sign Language">Colombian Sign Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Providence_Island_Sign_Language" title="Providence Island Sign Language">Providence Island Sign Language</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-02" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Puinave_language&oldid=1278388126">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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